Research on public satisfaction evaluation of leisure sports service

Along with our country economy level of ascension, the national in the premise of meet the basic needs of life, concern for personal health improved significantly, the leisure sports service as an important indicator of present social civilization, the public satisfaction through ascension leisure sports service can not only reflect the government service level, can also accelerate the process of modernization and social development. However the leisure sports service in most regions due to the lack of service facilities and service quality cause the overall service level is not high. This paper for the analysis of leisure sports public service satisfaction, the fuzzy evaluation method is adopted in the construction of leisure sports service satisfaction evaluation indexes: environment, games, facilities experience, social value, on the basis of experience, the health of body and mind experience, constructs the comprehensive rating system of leisure sports service satisfaction, to determine theweights of every index. Then combined with the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), based on the leisure sports service satisfaction evaluation model, for the leisure sports service public satisfaction evaluation, through the example analysis of xx city, comprehensive evaluation of leisure sports service and more effective optimization scheme is put forward (AU)

The Impact of Parent-child Sports Games on Children's Psychological Development / El impacto de los juegos deportivos entre padres e hijos en el desarrollo psicológico de los niños

Childhood is a stage of rapid psychological development, movement and psychological development are inseparable. At this stage, games are the main form of activity for children which play a dominant role in promoting children's psychological development. By implementing parent-child sports game intervention activities, children can prevent psychological disorders or behavioural problems, help them better adapt to social life, and make more effective contributions to society and humanity. Therefore, current research aimed to check the impact of parent-child sports games on children's psychological development. For this purpose, survey subjects were 50 students from large class of kindergarten A and 50 students from the large class of kindergarten B. An experimental research design was applied by using control and experimental group. The findings that the experimental group showed significant improvements in cognitive ability, emotional stability, willpower, and personality shaping compared to the control group. Moreover, their social adaptability was notably higher, fostering smoother communication and harmonious interpersonal relationships. The findings highlight the importance of early engagement in sports game activities to promote psychological health and resilience in preschool children, emphasizing the need for integrating such activities into early childhood education and parental involvement programs. The research also explored a new research area for further research.(AU)

Effects of Sports Games Combined with English Teaching on Children's Attention and Learning Performance / Efectos de los juegos deportivos combinados con la enseñanza del inglés sobre la atención y el rendimiento del aprendizaje de los niños

The teaching principle of "music teaching" is implemented to facilitate children's learning through play and behaviour. During classroom instruction, teachers should appropriately incorporate sports competitions to foster students' interest in sports, ensure their active participation, and facilitate the development of their athletic abilities. During the primary school stage, students experience rapid development in their physical and mental attributes. The author administered oral and written English assessments to randomly selected classes from Grade 3 to Grade 6 at South Road Primary School, which is affiliated with A University. The author selected students who scored below 60 for the attention QPT test in each grade. From this group, we selected 10 students with low, average, and high attention levels. This resulted in a total of 30 students in each grade forming the control class. We compared the QPT scores between the 30 individuals in the experimental group and the 30 individuals in the control group. The experimental class and the control class exhibited a notable disparity in academic performance across grades 3 to 6. The implementation of experimental teaching resulted in significant improvements in the attention QPT scores of both the upper and lower grades in the experimental class. The study demonstrates that sustained adherence to teaching children English through sports games can effectively enhance their attention levels. Furthermore, implementing sports game teaching aligns with children's psychological characteristics and significantly enhances their performance in English learning.(AU)

The potential of games for vulnerable groups like refugees: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map existing studies on the development of games for refugees, identifying the developed games, characteristics and possible application to health care. METHOD: A scoping review study, carried out in July 2022, using the MEDLINE® (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. RESULTS: 8 studies were identified, with 8 different types of games published between 2016 and 2022. The characteristics of the games found essentially fall on their use to increase empathy towards refugees. CONCLUSION: This study identifies opportunities to strengthen the current body of knowledge in nursing, using games as ways of welcoming, training and integrating populations in situations of social vulnerability in which refugees find themselves.

Brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder during real gaming.

Objective: This study sought to investigate brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) during real gaming as a direct assessment of the neural features of IGD. This investigation reflects the neural deficits in individuals with IGD while playing games, providing direct and effective targets for prevention and treatment of IGD. Methods: Thirty subjects with IGD and fifty-two matched recreational game use (RGU) subjects were scanned while playing an online game. Abnormal brain activities during positive and negative events were detected using a general linear model. Functional connectivity (FC) and correlation analyses between neural features and addiction severity were conducted to provide additional support for the underlying neural features. Results: Compared to the RGU subjects, the IGD subjects exhibited decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during positive events and decreased activation in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus during negative events. Decreased FC between the DLPFC and putamen during positive events and between the MFG and amygdala during negative events were observed among the IGD subjects. Neural features and addiction severity were significantly correlated. Conclusions: Individuals with IGD exhibited deficits in regulating game craving, maladaptive habitual gaming behaviors and negative emotions when experiencing positive and negative events during real game-playing compared to RGU gamers. These abnormalities in neural substrates during real gaming provide direct evidence for explaining why individuals with IGD uncontrollably and continuously engage in game playing, despite negative consequences.

Psychometric properties and development of the Chinese versions of Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A).

Currently, six instruments have been developed using the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) criteria for Gaming Disorder (GD). Two of these are the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A). The present study validated both the GDT and GADIS-A among a large sample of Chinese emerging adults. Via an online survey, 3381 participants (56.6% females; mean age = 19.56 years) completed the Chinese versions of the GDT, GADIS-A, Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the Chinese GDT and GADIS-A. Pearson correlations were computed to examine the convergent validity (with IGDS9-SF) and divergent validity (with BSMAS) of the Chinese GDT and Chinese GADIS-A. The GDT had a unidimensional structure, which was invariant across sex and disordered gaming severity subgroups. The GADIS-A had a two-factor structure, which was also invariant across gender and gaming severity subgroups. Both the GDT and GADIS-A had significant associations with both IGDS9-SF and with BSMAS. Both the Chinese GDT and GADIS-A are valid instruments to assess GD among emerging adults in mainland China, enabling healthcare providers to adopt these tools in their efforts to prevent and examine GD severity among Chinese youth.

Mixed-gender small-sided recreational team handball games in middle-aged and elderly are physiologically more demanding for women than men.

This study examined the physical and physiological demands and perceived experience of a multicomponent exercise mode, recreational team handball (TH), for middle-aged/elderly men and women, played as same- vs. mixed-gender 6v6 game formats. Matches' heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BL), perceived experience, activity profile, player load and accelerometer variables were assessed. Forty-one participants, with at least 12 weeks of experience with recreational TH (22 men; 69±4 years, 19 women; 66±6 years), performed 2 same- and 2 mixed-gender matches on an indoor 40x20 m TH court. A game format-by-gender interaction was observed for mean HR (%HRmax), time spent ˃80 and ˃90%HRmax, respiratory rating of perceived exertion and for several of the external load variables (p≤0.05). During mixed-gender matches, time spent ˃80 and ˃90%HRmax, was higher for women vs. men (p≤0.017). During same- and mixed-gender matches, BL was lower for women than men (p≤0.015). Time spent ˃90%HRmax was lower for women (p = 0.036), whereas time spent ˃80%HRmax was higher for men during same- vs. mixed-gender matches (p = 0.034). The frequency, %total match time and distance covered with high-demanding movements were higher for men during same-gender than during mixed-gender matches (p≤0.036), and higher for men vs. women in same- and mixed-gender matches (p≤0.046). The frequency of high-intensity actions, accelerations, time spent in the higher player load zones and total accumulated player load, were higher for men vs. women during same- and mixed-gender matches (p≤0.044). Fun levels were very high (9.1-9.3 AU, 0-10). Mixed-gender small-sided recreational TH games are physiologically more demanding for middle-aged/elderly women compared to men. Men showed higher cardiovascular and activity profile demands when playing same-gender matches, which was opposite to women. Nevertheless, TH is a high-intensity and motivating exercise mode for both genders, regardless the gender game format, meaning that exercise interventions may use same- and mixed-gender matches to promote participants' health.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for improving the performance of chess players suffering from anxiety disorders

Previous research has suggested that brief protocols based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are efficacious in improving elite chess players' performance without clinical problems. These promising results warranted the examination of the effect of longer ACT interventions with chess players suffering from emotional difficulties. This study advances in this direction by presenting two case studies of elite chess players experiencing anxiety disorders. Each participant was matched to a control participant with similar characteristics. The ACT interventions were conducted in 5 sessions and with occasional follow-ups during the following year. The primary dependent variable was an objective measure of chess performance (ELO Performance). Data analysis was conducted using the JZS+AR Bayesian hypothesis testing for single-case designs and the nonparametric Tau-U statistic. Control participants did not significantly improve their chess performance during the follow-up, but chess players who received the intervention showed significant increases in their performance. Both treated participants experienced clinically significant reductions in symptomatology and improved valued living after the intervention. This study provides empirical evidence regarding the potential benefit of applying ACT to improve chess performance in players with clinical problems (AU)

Do Social Factors Contribute to International Sports Performance: A Panel Data Analysis of Countries' Performance in the Asian Games / ¿Contribuyen los factores sociales al rendimiento deportivo internacional? Un análisis de datos de panel del rendimiento de los países en los Juegos Asiáticos

Asia has become a leader in international sports championships, which justifies a greater emphasis on the region's sporting achievements. However, different economic, political, and social elements influence the region's performance since deteriorating social or economic systems can harm performance. This study examined the impact of social factors on the international athletic performance of Asian nations. To do so, we analyzed the effect of health expenditure, education expenditure, and development on sports performance from 1961 to 2018 while adjusting for gross domestic product and population growth. The data was evaluated using VAR, and the study's conclusions demonstrated a considerable correlation between social growth and national sporting performance. The paper includes recommendations for further research and consequences for the government and policymakers.(AU)

O brincar como estratégia no atendimento fisioterapêutico da criança hospitalizada sob a percepção do acompanhante: um estudo transversal descritivo / Playing as a strategy in physiotherapy care of hospitalized children under the perception of the companion: a descriptive cross-cross study

INTRODUÇÃO: Relatar a percepção familiar e/ou do acompanhante em relação à importância da utilização do brincar como recurso no tratamento fisioterapêutico de crianças hospitalizadas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal. A população do estudo foi composta por acompanhantes das crianças admitidas na Enfermaria Pediátrica do Hospital Geral Roberto Santos e em acompanhamento fisioterapêutico. Foram coletados dados secundários para confirmação do tempo de início do atendimento com a equipe de Fisioterapia e dados primários por meio da aplicação de formulário no período de abril a junho de 2022. O instrumento foi composto por blocos de questões sociodemográficas, atividades sociais da criança anteriormente à hospitalização, comportamento da criança durante a hospitalização. Outrossim, aderência/aceitação ao tratamento, reação emocional e interesse durante e após intervenção utilizando o brincar. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados um total de 37 acompanhantes. Em relação às características sociodemográficas das crianças, 64,9% foram do sexo masculino e a idade de maior frequência foi entre dois a cinco anos. No que se caracteriza o humor da criança perante a hospitalização, antes da intervenção 81,1% relataram choro e 64,9% medo. Por fim, 59,5% dos acompanhantes salientaram ótima aderência/aceitação, 75,7% mencionaram melhora do humor, além de 83,8% classificarem como ótimo o interesse e a interação da criança. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Constatouse, com base na percepção dos acompanhantes, que o brincar como ferramenta coadjuvante das condutas fisioterapêuticas na enfermaria pediátrica é importante no tratamento da criança hospitalizada, pois melhora o humor, a aceitação, interação/ interesse durante e depois intervenção, o que torna o cuidado mais integral e humanizado.

INTRODUCTION: To report the family and/or companion's point of view regarding the importance of using play as a resource in the physiotherapeutic treatment of hospitalized children. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of caregivers of children admitted to the Pediatric Ward of the Hospital Geral Roberto Santos and undergoing physiotherapeutic follow-up. Secondary data were collected to confirm the start time of care with the Physiotherapy team and primary data through the application of a form from April to June 2022. The instrument was composed of blocks of sociodemographic questions, social activities of the child previously hospitalization, child's behavior during hospitalization. Furthermore, adherence/acceptance to treatment, emotional reaction and interest during and after intervention using play. RESULTS: A total of 37 companions were interviewed. Regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the children, 64.9% were male and the most frequent age was between two and five years. In what characterizes the child's mood before the hospitalization before the intervention, 81.1% reported crying and 64.9% fear. Finally, 59.5% of the companions highlighted excellent adherence/ acceptance, 75.7% mentioned improvement in mood, in addition to 83.8% classifying the child's interest and interaction as excellent. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was found, based on the perspective of the companions, that playing as a supporting tool of physiotherapeutic conducts in the pediatric ward is important in the treatment of hospitalized children, as it improves mood, acceptance, interaction/interest during and after the intervention, which makes care more comprehensive and humanized.

A Single-center Analysis of Three Japanese Patients with Mahjong-related Seizures.

Mahjong is one of the most popular Chinese tile games played in Japan. Mahjong-related seizures (MRS) are rare praxis-induced seizures. We identified three patients with MRS from February 2000 to February 2021. All cases were men, with a middle-age onset, generalized convulsive seizures, and lack of non-provoked, myoclonic, and absence seizures. All patients had no or non-specific neuroimaging or electroencephalogram abnormalities. They did not have features linked to idiopathic generalized epilepsy. All patients were seizure-free after behavioral adjustments, although one patient required anti-seizure medication and avoided long duration games. These changes may help other patients with MRS continue playing Mahjong.

Telas na infância: postagens de especialistas em grupos de cuidadores no facebook / Screens in childhood: posts of specialists in caretakers' groups in the facebook / Pantallas en la infancia: las publicaciones de expertos en grupos de cuidadores en facebook

Apesar das crescentes investigações sobre uso de telas na infância, essa é uma temática complexa e ainda recente, que traz diversos desafios para pesquisadores e cuidadores. Comunidades virtuais em redes sociais são utilizadas por mães e pais para esclarecer dúvidas e receber conselhos acerca da parentalidade e saúde infantil, podendo, simultaneamente, assumir uma função prescritiva e normativa quanto ao seu modo de agir. Sendo assim, este artigo pretende compreender como o uso de telas na infância vem sendo abordado por especialistas em grupos de mães e pais no Facebook. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo envolvendo 49 postagens de especialistas, sobretudo psicólogos e educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de mães e pais nessa rede social. Os textos das publicações foram verificados por meio de análise temática e discutidos com base no referencial teórico psicanalítico. Os resultados mostraram que os especialistas destacam os possíveis prejuízos do uso de telas na infância, além de fornecer orientações aos pais sobre como lidar com sua presença no cotidiano das crianças e de suas famílias. Concluiu-se que apesar dos grupos de cuidadores no Facebook serem uma ferramenta de divulgação de informações acerca do uso de telas na infância, cabe não naturalizar a presença de especialistas nesses espaços virtuais criados por pais e mães, interpondo-se nos saberes e nas trocas horizontalizadas entre os cuidadores.(AU)

Although investigations on the use of screens in childhood are increasing, this is a complex and recent topic, which poses several challenges for researchers and caregivers. Virtual communities in social networks are used by mothers and fathers to clarify doubts and receive advice regarding parenting and child health, at times, simultaneously, assuming a prescriptive and normative role on their way of acting. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how the use of screens in childhood has been approached by experts in groups of mothers and fathers on Facebook. A qualitative study was carried out involving 49 posts from specialists, mainly psychologists and educators, extracted from five public groups of mothers and fathers in this social network. The publications' texts were verified via thematic analysis and discussed based on the psychoanalytical theoretical framework. The results showed that experts highlight the possible damage of the use of screens in childhood, in addition to providing guidance to parents on how to deal with the presence of digital technology in the daily lives of children and families. It was concluded that, although caregivers' groups on Facebook are a tool for disseminating information about the use of screens in childhood, it is important not to naturalize the presence of specialists in these virtual spaces created by fathers and mothers, interposing in the horizontally interchanges that occur between the caregivers.(AU)

A pesar de las crecientes investigaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, este es un tema complejo y aún reciente, que plantea varios desafíos para investigadores y cuidadores. Las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales son utilizadas por madres y padres para aclarar dudas y recibir consejos sobre educación y salud infantil, pudiendo, al mismo tiempo, asumir un rol prescriptivo y normativo sobre su forma de actuar. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo el uso de las pantallas en la infancia ha sido abordado por especialistas en grupos de madres y padres en Facebook. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a partir de 49 publicaciones de especialistas, principalmente de psicólogos y educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de madres y padres en esta red social. Se realizó en los textos de las publicaciones un análisis temático y se utilizó el marco teórico psicoanalítico. Los resultados mostraron que los expertos destacan posibles daños que provoca el uso de pantallas en la infancia, además de orientar a los padres sobre cómo afrontar esta presencia de la tecnología digital en el día a día de los niños y sus familias. Se concluyó que, a pesar de que los grupos de cuidadores en Facebook son una herramienta de difusión de información sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, es importante no naturalizar la presencia de especialistas en estos espacios virtuales creados por padres y madres que se interpone entre los saberes e intercambios horizontales de los cuidadores.(AU)

A relação com o saber nas atividades lúdicas escolares / The relationship with knowledge in school recreational activities / La relación con el saber en las actividades lúdicas escolares

O brincar é uma atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, porque melhora aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e físicos. Além disso, jogos e brincadeiras podem ser explorados como recurso educacional. Partindo do entendimento da ludicidade enquanto um processo subjetivo, este trabalho investigou a relação com o saber estabelecida durante as brincadeiras, buscando compreendê-las em suas dimensões epistêmica, social e identitária. Dezesseis estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro baseado no instrumento "balanço do saber", proposto por Bernard Charlot. As questões foram adaptadas para possibilitar apreender o que as crianças dizem aprender durante as brincadeiras em que participam, com ênfase naquelas realizadas em sala de aula. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo realizada mostraram que, apesar de existirem conflitos sobre como se estabelecem as funções lúdica e educativa, quando a brincadeira infantil é utilizada como recurso pedagógico, os sujeitos podem identificar benefícios no processo de aprendizagem por meio dela. Aponta-se, também, a necessidade de considerar a condição social da criança no ambiente escolar para o sucesso ao utilizar essas atividades como práticas pedagógicas.(AU)

Child's play is an important activity for child development since it improves cognition, emotional, and physical aspects. Games can also be explored as an educational resource. Starting from the understanding that playfulness is a subjective process, this work has investigated the relationship to the knowledge stablished during games, aiming to understand it in its epistemic, social, and identitary dimensions. A group of 16 5th grade students were interviewed from a script based on the instrument "balance of knowledge," as proposed by Bernard Charlot. The questions were adapted to enable the apprehension of what children say they learn on the games they play, emphasizing those which are played in classrooms. The results of the content analysis performed have showed that, despite the conflicts on how both playful and educative functions are stablished when child's play is used as a pedagogic resource, the subjects can identify benefits on the process of learning with it. The need to consider the child's social condition in the school environment to reach success when using these activities as pedagogical practices is also pointed out.(AU)

Jugar es una actividad importante para el desarrollo de los niños, porque mejora aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y físicos. Por tanto, los juegos son explorados como recurso educativo. Partiendo de la comprensión de que lo lúdico es un proceso subjetivo, este trabajo analizó la relación con el saber que se establece durante el juego, con el objetivo de comprenderlo en sus dimensiones epistémica, social e identitaria. Se entrevistó a dieciséis estudiantes de quinto grado a partir de un guion basado en el instrumento "balance del saber" propuesto por Bernard Charlot. Las preguntas fueron adaptadas para permitir la aprehensión de lo que los niños dicen que aprenden en sus juegos, enfatizando los que se juegan en las aulas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado mostraron que, a pesar de que existen conflictos sobre cómo se establecen ambas funciones lúdica y educativa cuando se utiliza el juego infantil como recurso pedagógico, los niños pueden identificar beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a través del juego. Se señala la necesidad de considerar la condición social del niño en el entorno escolar para alcanzar el éxito al utilizar estas actividades como prácticas pedagógicas.(AU)

Ludotecas virtuales en tiempos de COVID-19. Un espacio relacional inclusivo / Ludoteques virtuals en temps de COVID-19. Un espai relacional inclusiu / Virtual play centres during COVID-19 times. An inclusive relational space

Con una fuerte impronta inclusiva, se presenta la co-creación de ludotecas virtuales modelizadas de acuerdo con la edad de sus participantes, vulnerabilidad, lugar de pertenencia, posibilidades de conectividad y diversidad en la formación de sus coordinadores, con encuadres específicos. Sus dos ejes centrales fueron: propiciar encuentros cara a cara en tiempos simultáneos y promover el juego libre. El equipo de trabajo pone en relevancia aportes provenientes de la relación intra e intergeneracional.(AU)

With a strong inclusive approach, we present the co-creation of virtual play centres modelled according to the age of their participants, vulnerability, place of belonging, connectivity possibilities, and diversity in the training of their coordinators, with specific frameworks. Its two central axes were: fostering face-to-face meetings at simultaneous times and promoting free play. The work team highlights contributions coming from intra and intergenerational relationships.(AU)

Amb una forta empremta inclusiva, es presenta la cocreació de ludoteques virtuals modelitzades d'acord amb l'edat dels participants, vulnerabilitat, lloc de pertinença, possibilitats de connectivitat i diversitat en la formació dels seus coordinadors, amb enquadraments específics. Els seus dos eixos centrals van ser: propiciar trobades cara a cara en temps simultanis i promoure el joc lliure. L'equip de treball posa en relleu aportacions provinents de la relació intra i intergeneracional.(AU)

The Theoretical Model of Decision-Making Behaviour Geospatial Analysis Using Data Obtained from the Games of Chess.

The game of chess offers a conducive setting to explore basic cognitive processes, including decision-making. The game exercises analytical cause-and-effect thinking skills regardless of the level of play. Moreover, chess portals provide information on the chess games played and serve as a vast database. The numbers of games played thus have the potential to be analyzed comprehensively, including for purposes other than analyzing chess matches only. The primary objective of this study is to develop a methodology for using information obtained from chess games for geospatial social analysis. The assumption is that the methodology will allow for general geographical variation in personality inference in the future, relying on big data from chess databases. Future large-scale studies of the geographical differentiation of personality traits using the developed methodology may be applicable in a number of ways. The results can be used wherever cross-sectional social analyses are needed in the context of personality traits (decision-making) to better understand their geographical background. In turn, the geographical distribution of these traits is accompanied by a range of important social, educational, health, political and economic implications.

Estimation of maximal oxygen uptake using the heart rate ratio method in male recreational football players.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in the general population. The heart rate (HR) ratio method (HRratio) is a valid, easy and accessible method for estimating VO2max in well-trained subjects. This study examined the validity of using the HRratio to estimate VO2max in recreational football players in the untrained and trained states. Sixty-six participants (age 39.3 ± 5.8 years) were tested pre-training and 28 after 12 weeks, for VO2max assessment, running on a treadmill alternating speed (1 km h-1) and inclination (1%) increments every 30 s until exhaustion. Maximal HR (HRmax) was assessed directly with a multiple approach and estimated with selected equations. Resting HR (HRrest) was measured in supine position, after 15 min of rest. The HRratio method considers the product of HRmax/HRrest ratio by a theoretical proportionality factor (15 ml kg-1 min-1, TPF) to estimate VO2max. This population-specific proportionality factor (SPF) was 14.6 ± 2.6 ml kg-1 min-1. In the untrained state (n = 66), participants' actual VO2max (41.3 ± 6.2 ml kg-1 min-1) was moderately lower (~ 2 ml kg-1 min-1) than the estimated VO2max using the TPF. A nonsignificant difference (0.7 ml kg-1 min-1) was found when the VO2max was estimated using the SPF. When using HRmax equations and the TPF, a small nonsignificant difference (~ 1.5 ml kg-1 min-1) was reported between actual and estimated VO2max. In the trained state (n = 28), the estimated VO2max values were not significantly different from the actual VO2max (44.2 ± 5.2 ml kg-1 min-1), with large effect sizes when considering TPF and estimated HRmax. The results of this study provide evidence of the applicability of HRratio in estimating VO2max in male adult/middle-aged recreational football players.

Construção e validação preliminar do instrumento de observação para metodologias ativas (io-ma) no ensino dos jogos esportivos coletivos / Construction and preliminary validation of the observation instrument for active methodologies (io-ma) in the teaching team sports

O objetivo do estudo foi construir e validar o Instrumento de Observação para Metodologias Ativas (IO-MA) no ensino dos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JEC). Para tanto, foram avaliadas as dimensões Aprendizagem Significativa (AS), Envolvimento Ativo (EA) e Cooperação Social (CS). O desenvolvimento dos indicadores de cada dimensão ocorreu por meio de consulta na literatura especializada. O processo de validação de conteúdo do instrumento foi realizado por onze especialistas doutores com experiência na área da Educação Física. A coleta dos dados ocorreu a partir da análise em vídeo de uma aula de um professor expert. A análise da fidedignidade inter-avaliadores foi realizada por sete avaliadores doutores e ampla experiência na área da Educação Física. Os dados foram analisados aplicando-se o coeficiente V de Aiken para a validação de conteúdo e o índice de concordância Kappa para fidedignidade intra e inter-avaliadores. Os resultados revelaram que o IO-MA obteve altos índices de validade de conteúdo tanto para a avaliação do instrumento global (V=0,88), quanto para as dimensões clareza de linguagem (V=0,84), pertinência prática (V=0,90) e relevância teórica (V=0,91). O IO-MA também apresentou índices considerados quase-perfeitos de fidedignidade intra (Kappa=1,00) e inter-avaliadores (Kappa=1,00). A versão final do IO-MA foi composta por 15 itens/comportamentos distribuídos em três dimensões (AS=6, EA=5, CS=4). Conclui-se que o IO-MA é um instrumento acessível e aplicável para a observação do comportamento de professores e futuros professores no que diz respeito ao uso de metodologias ativas para o ensino dos JEC no contexto brasileiro. (AU)

The aim of the study was to build and validate the Instrument of Observation for Active Methodologies (IO-MA) in the teaching of Collective Sports Games (JEC). Therefore, the dimensions of Meaningful Learning (ML), Active Involvement (AI) and Social Cooperation (SC) were evaluated. The development of indicators for each dimension took place through consultation in the specialized literature. The instrument content validation process was carried out by eleven doctorate-degree specialists with extensive experience in the field of Physical Education. Data collection occurred from video analysis of a class by an expert teacher. Subsequently, the inter-evaluator reliability analysis was carried out by seven doctorate-degree evaluators with extensive experience in the field of Physical Education. Data were analyzed by applying the Aiken V coefficient for content validation and the Kappa agreement index for intra and inter-rater interval reliability. The results showed that the IO-MA obtained high content validity rates both for the instrument in general (V=0,88), and for the dimensions clarity of language (V=0,84), practical relevance (V=0,90), theoretical relevance (V=0,91). The IO-MA also showed near-perfect indices of intra- (Kappa=1,00) and inter-rater (Kappa=1,00) reliability. The final version of the IO-MA was composed of 15 items/behaviors distributed in three dimensions (AS=6, EA=5, CS=4). It is concluded that the IO-MA is an accessible and applicable instrument for the observation of the behavior of teachers and future teachers regarding the use of active methodologies for teaching team sports games in the Brazilian context. (AU)

O brincar de fazer compras como estratégia educativa em saúde bucal do ensino infantil / Playingshoppingas aneducational strategy in oral health for children in early childhood education / Jugar las comprascomo estrategia educativa ensalud bucalpara niños en educacíon infantil

Introdução:A escola é um ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento de hábitos que podem ser aplicadospor toda a vida. Nessa perspectiva, as atividades educativas com escolares podem contribuir significativamente na promoção de saúde bucal e na disseminação de bons hábitos de higiene oral, sendo alternativas capazes de instruir esses sujeitos eficientemente.Objetivo:Relatar a experiência de uma intervenção lúdica de caráter educativo realizada pela equipe de um projeto de extensão com uma turma de educação infantil em escola institucional de educação básica.Metodologia:A partir do conhecimento da faixa etária dos escolares, um jogo educativo foi desenvolvido e uma ação de caráter lúdico foi elaborada. A alimentação saudável foi a temática escolhida para ser trabalhada interdisciplinariamente à conscientização sobre o papel dos alimentos no desenvolvimento da cárie dentária e das orientações de higiene oral. Ao "brincar de fazer compras", momento em que os alunos podiam escolher quais alimentos adquirir no jogo, foi possível discorrer sobre quais dessas escolhas alimentares não eram saudáveis e também orientar os participantescom macromodelosobre a forma correta de escovação e uso dofio dental.Resultados:A interação das crianças com a atividade e com toda equipe de extensionistas foi bastante satisfatória. Foi possível verificar que os mesmos assimilaram bem os assuntos trabalhados ludicamente e foi demonstrado pela intervenção que os alunos conseguiram adquirir conhecimentos práticos sobre a saúde bucal no momento de orientação de higiene oral tanto no jogo quanto na simulação da escovação com macromodelo. Conclusões:Atividades lúdicas para escolares podem ser instrumentos capazes de transmitir conhecimentos em saúde bucal satisfatoriamente ao passo que sinalizam aspectos que devem ser desenvolvidos e incorporados no cotidiano dos indivíduos desde a mais tenra idade (AU).

Introduction: School is a conducive environment for developing habits that can be extended throughout life. From this perspective, educational activities with schoolchildren can significantly contribute to promoting oral health and to disseminate good oral hygiene habits, constituting alternatives which are capable of efficiently educating these subjects. Objective:To report the experience of a playful and educational intervention carried out by the team of an extension project with an early childhood education class in an institutional school of basic education. Methodology: An educational game was developed based on the knowledge of the age range of the school children, and a playful action was elaborated. A healthy eating theme was chosen to be worked on in an interdisciplinary way to raise awareness about the role of food in developing dental caries and oral hygiene guidelines. By "playing shopping" in which students could choose which foods to buy in a game, it was possible to discuss which of these food choices were unhealthy and also guide participants with a macromodel on the correct way of brushing and flossing. Results: The interaction of children with the activity and with the entire extension team was quite satisfactory. It was possible to verify that they had assimilated the playfully addressed issues and it was demonstrated that students were able to acquire practical knowledge about oral health during the oral hygiene orientation in both the game and in the brushing simulation with the macromodel. Conclusions:Playful activities for schoolchildren may constitute instruments which are capable of satisfactorily transmitting knowledge on oral health, and can indicate aspects which must be developed and incorporated into the daily lives of individuals from a very early age (AU).

Introducción: La escuela es un entorno favorable para el desarrollo de hábitos que pueden prolongarse a lo largo de la vida. En esta perspectiva, las actividades educativas con alumnos pueden contribuir significativamente a la promoción de salud oral y de difusión de buenas costumbres de higiene oral, siendo estas alternativas capaces de educar estos sujetos eficientemente.Objetivo:Relatar la experiencia de una intervención lúdica educativo, realizada por un equipo de un proyecto de extensión, direccionada a un grupo de educación infantil en una escuela del sistema educativo básico brasileño. Metodología: A partir del conocimiento de la franja etaria , se diseñó un juego educativo y se planeó una acción de carácter lúdico. La alimentación sana fue la temática elegida para que, de este modo, además de orientaciones de cuidados orales, también se trabajara, interdisciplinariamente, la concientización sobre la relación entre los alimentos y el surgimiento de caries dentarias. Al "jugar a las compras", momento en que los alumnos podían elegir cuales alimentos iban a adquirir, fue posible debatir sobre cuales de las opciones alimentares no eran sanas y, además de eso, orientar los participantes, con un tipodonto, sobre la forma correcta de cepillarse y de usar el hilo dental. Resultados: La interacción con la actividad y con el equipo de extensión fue muy exitosa. Fue posible verificar que los alumnos comprendieron los temas trabajados lúdicamente y también que, a través de la intervención, consiguieron alcanzar conocimientos prácticos sobre salud oral, tanto en el momento de la orientación de higiene oral cuanto en la actividad de simulación de cepillado con el apoyo del tipodonto.Conclusiones:Actividades lúdicas para niños r pueden ser instrumentos capaces de proporcionar aprendizajes sobre salud oral en la medida en que señalan aspectos que necesitan ser desarrollados en las prácticas rutineras de sujetos desde muy temprana edad (AU).